What Is Gum Disease? Symptoms, Causes, Treatment & Prevention

Gum disease—also known as periodontal disease—is one of the most common dental health issues among adults. Despite being widespread, it’s also highly preventable and treatable, especially when detected early.

If you’ve noticed bleeding gums, persistent bad breath, or gum recession, you may be experiencing signs of gum disease. Here’s what you need to know to protect your smile.

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What Is Gum Disease?

Gum disease is an infection of the tissues surrounding and supporting your teeth. It starts as gingivitis—mild inflammation of the gums—and can progress to periodontitis, a more severe form that can lead to tooth loss if left untreated.

What Causes Gum Disease?

Gum disease is primarily caused by plaque—a sticky film of bacteria that forms on your teeth. When plaque is not removed through daily brushing and flossing, it hardens into tartar, leading to irritation and infection of the gums.

Other common causes and risk factors include:

• Poor oral hygiene habits

• Smoking or tobacco use

• Hormonal changes (pregnancy, menopause)

• Certain illnesses (such as diabetes or cancer)

• Medications that reduce saliva flow

• Genetics

Symptoms of Gum Disease

Early detection is key. If you notice any of the following symptoms, it’s time to schedule a dental check-up:

• Red, swollen, or tender gums

• Bleeding when brushing or flossing

• Persistent bad breath (halitosis)

• Receding gums

• Loose or shifting teeth

• Pain when chewing

• A change in your bite or the way your teeth fit together

How Is Gum Disease Treated?

Treatment depends on the stage of the disease. The earlier it’s caught, the easier it is to treat.

Common gum disease treatments include:

• Professional dental cleanings – Remove plaque and tartar buildup

• Scaling and root planing – A deep cleaning procedure that cleans below the gumline

• Antibiotic therapy – Topical or oral antibiotics to eliminate bacteria

• Surgical treatments – For advanced cases, procedures like flap surgery or bone grafts may be necessary

Learn more about treatment options from the American Dental Association.

How to Prevent Gum Disease

The best way to fight gum disease is to stop it before it starts. Here’s how:

• Brush your teeth twice a day with fluoride toothpaste

• Floss daily to remove plaque between teeth

• Use an antibacterial mouthwash

• Avoid smoking and tobacco products

• Eat a healthy diet low in sugar

• Visit your dentist twice a year for professional cleanings and checkups

For more prevention tips, check out this helpful guide from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Don’t Ignore the Signs—Protect Your Smile Today

At Modern Dental of Durham, we’re here to help you maintain a healthy, confident smile. If you’re experiencing symptoms of gum disease or just want to stay ahead of your oral health, don’t wait.

📞 Call us today at 919-544-3723 💻 Or request an appointment online at moderndentalofdurham.com/request-an-appointment